A coepobation oe penn



A. PAPINI.

ELECTRIC WATER HEATER.

APPLICATION HLED luLY 8.1920.

Patented Nov. 30, 1920.

0 ,/d ZZ f w W 1% A z o WW .f2 l i ,f J @Z0 0 I 6 UNTED STATES PATENT (.)FFICEe ANTONIO PAPINI, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR TO A. MECKY COMPANY, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, A CRPGRATION OF PENN- SYLVANIA.

ELECTRIC VATER-HEATER.

T0 all whom t may concern.'

Be it known that I, AN'roNio PiiriNi, a subject of the King of Italy, having resided in the United States for one year last past and having declared my intention of becom ing a citizen thereof, residing in the city and county of Philadelphia, State of Pennsylvania, have invented a. new and useful Electric Water-Heater, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to the class of electrically-operated fluid heaters of which a typical example is that comprised in U. S. Letters Patent No. 1,338,997, granted May ith, 1920, to A. Mecky Company, a corpora tion of Pennsylvania, as my assignee,-and it further relates and is especially applicable to what are known as carbon cylinder types of water heaters.

Generally expressed, it is the obj ect of my invention to simplify the construction of an electrically operated fluid heater as anentirety, at the saine time making its construction strong and compact and providing for the control of the fluid admission and outlet, and, similarly, the distribution of the electric current in its passage through and existence within the fluid within the heater.

Further obj ects are the provision of means by which the circulation of the current is in effect extended throughout the entire interior of the casing,-the circulation and distribution of the water being similarly and equally extended.

With the .foregoing and other objects in view, my invention comprehends a heater of the construction typically illustrated in the accompanying drawings and hereinafter described, the particular subject-matter which I claim as novel being definitely specified in the claims.

For the purpose of illustrating my invention, I have shown in the accompanying drawings, forms thereof which are at presf entV preferred by ine, because in practice they will assure satisfactory and reliable results. It is to be understood, however, that the various instrun'ientalities of which my invention consists can be variously arranged and organized and that my invention is not,

therefore, limited to the precise arrangement and organ-ization of these instrumentaht-.ies as herein Shown and described- Figure 1 represents a central, sectional Specification of Letters Patent. Patented N0V 30 1920.

Application filed July 8, 1920.

Serial No. 394,724.

elevation of a heater embodying a preferred form of my invention.

Fig. 2 represents a top plan of the heater, sectional on the line 2-2 of Fig. l.

Fig. 3 represents a central, vertical detail typically illustrative of a wiring system which I find it convenient 'to employ.

n Fig. 4l represents a similar detail of the inner carbon, cylinder and a coil, being a modification of the construction represented in the other figures.

Similar numerals of reference indicate corresponding parts.

Referring to the drawings 1 designates the tubular casing of the heater, preferably in the form of a metal cylinder flanged at 2 at the top and at 3 at the bottom, for connection with a cast top 4 resting upon a circular packing washer 5 lying on top of the upper flange 2 which surmounts the casing. The lower flange 3, through the interposition of a circula-r washer 6 beneath the bottom flange 3, rests upon a basal casting 7 of the forni well illustrated in Fig. 1 and embodying a fluid inlet 8, and a fluid outlet 9 of any preferred character and preferably supplied with a valve or faucet, not illustrated.

The basal casting in the construction shown, extends to the right-hand to form 1the extension 10 by means of which the heater may be attached to a source of fluid supply, not illustrated.

A block 11 closes a lower extension 12 of the water inlet 8 and leads to a water chamber 13 formed in a boss 14; of the basal casting 7.

Extending vertically and axially through the casing is a connecting bolt 15, which is threaded into an aperture 16 in the boss 14 and which also extends through the top 4 and is locked in a chamber 17 within said top by a nut 18, which rests upon an insulating washer 19 within said chamber 17.

Obviously, by means of this bolt, a tight connection between the top l and the basal member 7 is effected.

Capping and resting upon the top l is a flanged and preferably hemi-spherical cover 2O for the casing, preferably provided with an outer flanged metal shoulder and with an inner or lining shell of fiber or kpaper 21.

The lcover as a whole is apertured at itsl top to contain an insulating bushing 22,

. ing.

This cap 31, in connection with a generally correspondent porcelain bottom 32, serves to eonine-between said caps-the carbon cylinder electrodes 33, 34, which are of different diameters but concentrically disposed so as to leave between the outer cylinder 33 and the casing 1 an outer water chamber 36,-between and 34 a middle water chamber 37,-and between and 35 an inner water chamber 3S.

39 designates an outer refractory cylinder which I call a muille electrode, which encompasses an inner refractory cylinder 40, being also an electrode, while between said mutlles in a water chamber 45 are wrapped coils of resistance wire 41, which respectively connect above with the connecting contact 29, and below with a basal contact 42 at the left oil the porcelain bottom 32, so as to electrically connect the innermost of the carbon cylinders 35 with the spring contact 28.

Another basal contact 43 connects the outer cylinder 33 with the inner cylinder' 35, all as illustrated in Fig. 1 and as typically outlined in Fig. 3.

Through the porcelain bottom 32 are apertures 44, which lead out from the water chamber 13 into the cylindric water chamber 45, which is formed between the inner mullle and the outer mutl'le 39.

The upper end of the water chamber 45 leads through upper apertures 46 through the porcelain cap 31, into an upper water chamber 47 between the top 4 and the cap 31. As can be seen by Fig. 2, the cap 31 is provided with a plurality of apertures 46 and 46'; the lirst mentioned (46) conducting the water from chamber 45 to chamber 47, and the last mentioned (46') conducting the water from the chamber 47 to the chambers 36, 37 and 38.

Passing through the lower part of the carbon cylinders 33 and 34 are apertures 48 and 49, which respectively connect the outer water chamber 36, the middle water chamber 37 and the inner water chamber 38, so .that as will be obvious, provision is lmade for the circulation of water from the inlet 8 completely through chambers 36, 37, 38, all of which are necessarily full of water, and provision also'made for the circulation of the electric current through the carbon cylinder electrodes 33, 34 and 35, through the outer inutile electrode 39 and the inner niuliie electrode 40, and, of course, through the coiled wire electrodes 41, from and to the conductors 23 and 24.

In order to insulate the porcelain bottom 32 from the basal casting 7, I provide an insulating base plate 50,-and in order to inclose the chamber 17 in the top 4, I employ an inner cap 51 of stamped paper or liber, as shown in Fig. 1.

rIhe arrangement of the apertures through the porcelain cap 3i is best illustrated in Fig. 2, and they are shown as oi' segmental form because that is the most natural orm in which to shape them.

In the modified form shown in lfig. 4, I have illustrated a solid central mullle o carbon 52, which I have shown wrapped with insulated wire 53 instead of the uninsulated wire illustrated in the construction of Fig. 1.

This modification is a device ot structural convenience and does not alter in any particular the general organization of my heater.

rIhe operation of the heater requires no special description other than that already given, because it is obvious that the water entering into and contained within the various water chambers that the easing confines, is always subjected to the action of the electric current which passes through the water within the chamber 45 between the mulles 39 and 40, flows through the coils 41, and is also static within the outer, middle and inner water chambers 36, 37 and 3h.

It will now be apparent that I have dcvised a novel and useful electric water heater, which embodies the features ol advantage enumerated as desirable in the statement of the invention and the above description, and while I have, in the present instance, shown and described preferred embodiments of it which will give in practice satisfactory and reliable results, it is to be understood that such embodiments are susceptible of modication in various particulars without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention or sacrificing any of its advantages.

Havingl thus described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. An electric fluid heater, which co1nprises an inclosing casing, a top upon said casing, a base for said casing, a lluid inlet into said casing, a fluid outlet from said casing, a plurality of spaced electrical conductors within said casing, a plurality ot fluid areas between said spaced conductors, a plurality of muflles within the innermost electrode, means for filling the fluid areas with lluid from the inlet, and means for energizing said electrical conductors.

2. In an electric fluid heater, the following elements in combination :an inclosing Yso casing, a top upon said casing, a base for said casing, a fluid inlet into said base, a fluid outlet from said base, a plurality of conducting cylinders so spaced apart from each other as to leave between them fluid areas, an inner cylindric inutile, an outer cylindric muflle, a fluid area between said muflies, a winding of wire between said muflles, a central connection between said top and base which confines them to the casing and to the cylinders and muii'les within it, and electrical conductors entering the casing and in electrical contact with the cylinders,v for conducting electricity throughout the cylinders within the casing.

3. ln an electric fluid heater, the following elements in combination z-an inclosing casing, a top upon said casing, an aperture in lsaid top through which electrical conductors enter, electrical conductors connecting with binding posts passing through said top,va base beneath said casing, a fluid inlet into said'base, a fluid outlet from saidl base, a plurality of conducting cylinders so spaced apart from each other as to leave between them fluid areas, an inner cylindric muflie, an outer cylindric muifle, a fluid area between said rnuffles, a winding of wire betweensaid muflles, a central connection between said top and base which confines them to the casing and to the cylinders and inutiles within it, and electrical conductors entering the casing and in electrical contact with the cylinders, for conducting electric ity throughout the cylinders within the casing.

c 4. In an electric fluid heater, the following elements in combination an inclosing metal casing, a cover upon said casing, a non-conducting top beneath the cover and upon the casing, a noneconducting base beneath the casing, a plurality of spaced, cylindric, electrical conductors within the casing between its top and its base, a plurality of cylindric fluid areas between said spaced conductors and extending between the top and the base of the casing, means for filling all of the fluid areas with fluid, and means for energizing said electrical conductors, which comprises a source of electric energy, conductors entering the cover of the casing, passing through the top, and electrically connected with the cylindric conductors, and embracing` coils of wire encompassingan axial device for fastening together the top and the base.

5. An electric fluid heater which comprises, an inclosing` casing, a suitable carbon electrode within said casing, a fluid chamber between said casing and said bon electrode, a central mulile electrode within said carbon electrode, a fluid chamber between said electrodes, a winding` of coiled wire encompassing said mufle electrede, a fluid inlet to the casing, a fluid outlet from the casing, electrical connec tions with the coiled wire, and a source of electricity leading through said connections into said wire to energize it and both electrodes, and cause the heating of the fluid within the casing.

ANTONIO PAPINI. 

